ABSTRACT
Background:Parkinson disease(PD)is one of the most common age-related brain disorders, with cardinal symptoms rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor and postural instability. These aredopamine-related motor symptoms.PD is increasingly recognized as heterogeneous multisystem disorder involving other neurotransmitter associated with nonmotor symptoms. In whichcognitive decline is the most common and important NMS. cognitive decline in PD makes profound effect on patient quality of life and imposes significant burden on the caregiver.Methods:Hospital based cross sectional study conducted among 52 patients of idiopathic Parkinson disease, 61 to 80 years of age (fulfilling UKPDS brain bank criteria) at GSVM medical college, Kanpur during February 2020 to October2021 using SCOPA COG scale.Results:Using SCOPA COG score in 52 patients,17 (33%) patients foundwith declined cognition There was weak negative correlation betweentotal score and duration of illness(p=0.091), weak negative correlation between executive function (assessed by dice) and duration of illness (p=0.047)and a moderate negative correlationbetween visuospatial function (assessed by assembling pattern) and duration of illness (p=0.003).Conclusions:Significant cognitive decline found with increase in duration of illness in terms of visuospatial function.
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Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital setup. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the pattern and occurrence of ADRs to minimize their risk and safeguard public health.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of pattern of ADRs reported at ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 207 spontaneous ADR reports collected over a period of 18 months were analysed for pattern and type of reactions, demographic profile of patients, organ system affected by ADRs, causative drugs, route of drug administration, severity of reaction, their outcome, management and causality assessment.Results: Most common age group affected by ADRs was 41-50 years with almost equal involvement of male and female gender. Cutaneous reactions involving skin like rashes and itching were most common ADRs. The most common causative drug for ADRs were antimicrobials agents like Penicillin and Cephalosporin group of antibiotics. Orally administered drugs were most commonly involved in causing ADRs. Most of the ADRs belonged to Type A category, were non-serious and moderate in severity. Most of the patients recovered from the ADRs on stopping the suspected drug. On assessing the causality, most of the ADRs were probable with the suspected drugs.Conclusions: Most of the patients recover from ADRs with appropriate and timely intervention, but it is important to understand the pattern and occurrence of ADRs for patient safety and this is possible only with an effective and robust pharmacovigilance system.
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A 25-year-old female, housewife, Nonsmoker, with complains of Dysnoea and pain in chest was diagnosed with Bronchial asthma in the Out Patient Department of Pulmonary Medicine of our institute. As per the GINA guidelines she was prescribed nebulization with Salbutamol 5 mg for confirming the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Within minutes of nebulization she started to have involuntary contraction involving all four limb and developed hand posture associated with tetany. The nebulization was stopped and symptoms were relieved after 15 minutes of the calcium administration. The causal relationship between the suspected drug and the adverse event was assessed to be probable and thus clinicians should always be aware of the possibility of tetany due to salbutamol
ABSTRACT
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) has largely been studied in pancreatic cancer which is the most common component of periampullary cancer in the western population. In India, the ampullary carcinoma is seen as the most common periampullary cancer in resected pancreaticoduodenectomies. We aimed to study the expression of MMP7 and its correlation with clinicopathological features in ampullary cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive cases of all ampullary cancer in a 3-year period were reviewed for histological differentiation (intestinal and pancreatobiliary) by morphology and immunohistochemistry (CDX2, MUC2, cytokeratin 20 [CK20], MUC1, cytokeratin 7 [CK7], and cytokeratin 17 [CK17]). All cases were stained for MMP7 and expression was correlated with histological variables, differentiation, and overall survival. Results: There were a total of 91 ampullary carcinomas (36 intestinal, 44 pancreatobiliary and 6 other types). Ampullary carcinoma showed MMP7 expression in 63.7% cases. Two-third of intestinal type and half of the pancreatobiliary type cancers showed MMP7 expression. MMP7 expression was signifi cantly higher in low pathological T-stage of total ampullary carcinomas; however, it was seen more commonly in higher overall stage of the pancreatobiliary type compared to intestinal type of ampullary carcinoma. Overall survival in patients with MMP7 expression was lower compared to MMP7 negative patients. Conclusions: This is the fi rst study on MMP7 expression in ampullary cancer. MMP7 expression was seen in nearly 64 % of ampullary cancer and showed a signifi cant correlation with low pathological (T-) stage and high overall stage with a shorter survival. MMP7 can be explored as a target for MMP inhibitor therapy in the future.